Ventilator.



No. 779,653. PATENTED JAN. l0, 1905. S. H. JACOBSON.

VENTILATOR.

APPLIGATION FILED APB. 2, 1903.

UNITED STATES Patented January 10, 1905.

PATENT OEEICE.

SAMUEL HOUSTON JAOOBSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO NATIONAL VENTILATING COMPANY, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

VENTILATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. v'779,653, dated January 10, 1905.

Application led April 2, 1903. Serial No, 150,716.

.To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL HOUSTON J AcoB- soN, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ventilators, of which the following is a specication.

My invention is designed for the production of an improved ventilator especially intended for use upon cars and the like and upon stationary building structures where the opening leading to the space to be ventilated is of comparatively large area.

The invention relates particularly to that class of ventilators in which a casing provided with open ends is employed which covers the opening communicating with the space to be ventilated and has mounted therein a series or group of pivotally-mounted defecting blades or wings connected together at their free ends, so that they may all be moved in unison and be constantly maintained parallel to each other.

The object of the invention is to provide means whereby the series or group of deiiecting blades or wings may be automatically moved from one of its positions to the other by the smallest possible air-pressure due to a change in the direction of movement of the car or other vehicle to which the device is applied or to a change in the direction of movement of the wind.

Other objects of the invention will hereinafter appear', and that which I regard as new will be set forth in the claims.

In the drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a cross-section of the upper part of a car with my improved Ventilator applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a horizontal longitudinal section of the ventilator, and Fig. 3 is a detail view of one of the deiiecting blades or wings.

Like reference-numerals indicate like parts in the different views.

My improved ventilator has been shown as applied to a car, although, as stated, it is capable of and intended for use upon a stationary building structure.

The upright wall 1 of the car between the Within the casing 3 is a series or group of deiiecting blades or wings 6 7 8, the same being shown as pivotally mounted at their inner ends adjacent to the outer surface of the wall or partition 1 of the car substantially in line with the outer or free edge of the opening 2. The outer, ends of said deflecting-blades are connected together, so as to be constantly maintained parallel to each other and so as to be moved in unison by a rod or wire 9. The particular shape of this rod and the means of connecting it to the deflecting-blades are irnmaterial. It has been shown, however, as provided at intervals with eyes 10, which fit within loops 11` projecting from the side edges of said blades. The pivots 12, on which the intermediate blades or wings 7 are mounted, all lie opposite the opening 2 in the wall 1 of the car. The pivots 13 and 14, however, on which the outer blades 6 and 8 are respectively mounted, are located beyond the ends of the opening 2 or opposite the imperforate portions of the wall 1. Stops 15 and 16 are provided for limiting` the pivotal movements of the deiiecting blades or wings in opposite directions, the said stops being shown in the form of connecting or tie rods between the upper and lower walls of the casing 3. The stop 15 is adapted to be engaged by the inner surface of the deflecting blade or wing 6, and the stop 16 is adapted to be engaged by the inner surface of the deiiecting blade or wing 8. The said stops may be otherwise disposed, or additional ones may be provided, if desired. The blade 6 is provided with a inger or proj ection 17 extending from the side edge thereof, and the blade 8 is provided with a similar finger or projection 18. These lingers or projections have been shown in the formof loops of wire secured to the blades to which they are connected and extend to such a distance that during the movements of said blades from one position to another they will just escape the inner surface of the side wall of the casing 3. Cooperating with these parts are the valves 19 and 20, shown in the form of pivoted flaps. r1`he valve 19 is preferably pivoted adjacent to the point of intersection of the funnel or expanded portion 4 with the body of the casing 8 and the valve 2O adjacent to the point of intersection of the funnel or expanded portion 5 with the body of said casing. Each of said valves is of such length that when the series or group of delecting-blades is inclined toward it it will reach from its pivot to theadjacent end blade or wing of the series to cooperate with said end blade and cut olf the passage of air through the casing 3, at the inlet end thereof. Both of said valves are capable of being moved to positions within the casing 3 against or in comparatively close relation to the inner surface of the side wall thereof, and both are capable of being moved outwardly Within the adjacent expanded portions or funnels 4: and 5 substantially in line with the outer wall of the casing, but separated from the inner surfaces of said funnels. The latter positions may be maintained by means of the stops or projections 21 and 22, secured, respectively, to the funnels 4 and 5. Any other equivalent means, however, may be substituted for that shown.

If my improved device be mounted upon a car which is movingI in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2 of the drawings, the deiiecting-blades 6, 7, and 8 will lie at an angle to the plane of the opening 2 in the wall 1, with the free ends thereof extending' to the rear, the valve 19 will lie within the casing 3 in comparatively close relation to the inner surface of the side wall thereof, and the valve 20 will lie within the funnel 5 inreontaet with the stop 22. A current of air will then pass through the casing of the ventilator, the same being compressed by the inlet-funnel 4 and by being forced through the contracted space between the deflecting-blades and the side wall of said casing and discharged from the exitfunnel or expanded portion 5. The result will be that the foul or vitiated air within the car will be withdrawn through the opening 2 and be discharged through the rear end of the casing 3. In other words, an induced current will be created outwardly through the opening 2, which will carry off the foul air and gases, while at the same time the direct current of air entering at the forward end of the casing 3 will be cut off from the car. It will therefore be impossible for any smoke, dust, cinders, or other foreign matter to be admitted to the car through the opening 2. If the movement of the car be reversed or if the car be at a standstill and the direction of the wind change, the air will enter the opposite end of the casing 3 through the funnel or expanded portion 5. The first action of the air, however, will be to throw the valve 2O around from its position in engagement with the stop 22 to the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2 of the drawingswthat is, to a point where the same lies in contact with the outer end of the blade or wing 8. The said valve now cooperates with the blade 8 to cut off the passage through the casing 3 at the inlet end thereof and to direct or apply the full force of the current against said blade to cause the automatic shifting of the series of blades to its reverse position. This closing of the inlet end of the casing also prevents the entrance of air to the interior of the car through the opening 2 while the defiecting-blades are in position to permit it. As the current of air continues or increases the whole of it is directed against the blade or wing 8 and the valve 20. The result is that both of these parts are moved together on their pivots until the inner or free end of the valve 2O passes beyond the finger or projection 18 on the blade 8. Then the valve 2O moves out of contact with the linger 18, the blade 8, and with it, through the connecting-rod 9, all of the other deiiecting-blades 6 and 7, will be moved on its pivot independently of said valve until the series of deiiecting-blades lies in a position the reverse of that which it formerly occupied-that is, the free ends of said blades will extend toward the expanded. end L of the casing. This position will be determined by the engagement of the blade or wing 8 with the stop 16. The blade 6 is of course moved with the other deflecting-blades, and as it is turned forwardly the linger or projection 17 thereon engages the free end of the valve i9, turning the latter from its position within the casing 3 and moving' it outwardly. r1`he said valve 19 is then moved by the air-current, which may now act upon it, out to its position within the funnel i in engagement with the stop 21. The current of air may now pass freely through the casing of the ventilator and act as before to remove by induction the foul or vitiated air from the interior of the car through the opening 2.

Tere it not for the provision of the valves 19 and 20 and the parts which coperate therewith or an equivalent construction there would be no way by which the series or group of defiecting-blades could be automatically and with certainty moved from one of its positions to the other, for the reason that when the direction of movement of the current of air or of the car or other moving body changed there would still be a passage through the casing of the ventilator. 1n other words, the air would not be forced to act wholly upon one or more of the deiiecting-blades to reverse the position of the series. The result would be that instead of withdrawing the foul or vitiated air from the interior of the car by induction a draft of air carrying with it smoke, dust, and other foreign particles would be IOO caused to enter the car through the opening 2. By my 1nvent1on a reversed current of air of ,the smallest possible pressure will act instantly to change the positions of the deflecting-blades which go to make up the group or series. .A ventilator is thus produced which is entirely automatic in its action, which is eX- tremely sensitive, and which is thoroughly effective in withdrawing the yfoul air from the space to be ventilated and in preventing the introduction of smoke, cinders, dust, and the like into the said space.

Guards or deflcctors 23 have been shown adjacent to the pivots 13 and 14 of the blades 6 and 8 for preventing the passage of air behind said pivots, and a door 24 has also been shown for controlling the passage through the opening 2 from the inside of the car. These parts may be of any suitable construction.

Having now described my invention, what Iclaim as new, and desire to `secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Inaventilator, a casing covering an opening communicating with the space to be ventilated and having its ends open, a series of pivoted deiiecting-blades therein, and movable means, automatically thrown into operation when a change takes Vplace in the point of entrance of the air-current to said casing, for directing the full force of said current against said blades, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a ventilator, the combination with a casing covering an opening communicating with the space to be ventilated, and a series of deiiecting-blades pivoted at their inner ends in line with the outer edge of said opening, of a pair of valves or flaps pivoted within said casing adjacent to the outer ends thereof, the inner ends of said valves being adapted to engage the end blades of said series when the latter are directed toward said valves and to pass by said blades when the latter are directed away from said valves, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a ventilator, the combination with a casing covering an opening communicating with the space to be ventilated, and a series of deiiecting-blades pivoted at their inner ends in line with the outer edge of said opening, of a pair of valves or fiaps pivoted within said casing adjacent to the opposite ends thereof, the said valves being adapted to engage the end blades or wings of said series when the latter are directed toward said valves and to pass by said blades when the latter are directed away from said valves, and stops for limiting the outward movements of said valves, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a ventilator, the combination with a casing covering an opening communicating with the space to be ventilated, havingits ends open and having funnels or expanded portions on said ends, and a series of deecting-blades pivoted at their inner ends in line with the outer edge of said opening and connected together so as to be moved in unison, the outer blades of said series being pivoted at points beyond the opposite ends of said opening, of valves or fiaps pivoted at the points of intersection of said funnels with said casing, the said valves being adapted to engage the end blades of said series when the latter are directed toward said valves, and to pass by said blades when the latter are directed away from said valves, and stops for limiting the outward movements of said valves and for holding them away from the inner surfaces of said funnels, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a ventilator, the combination with a casing covering an opening communicating s8o with the space to be ventilated and having its ends open, and a series of deiiecting-blades pivote-d at their inner ends in line with the outer edge of said opening and connected to'- gether so as to be moved in unison, the outer blades of the series being pivoted at points beyond the opposite ends of said opening and having fingers or projections thereon, of a pair of pivoted valves or iiaps mounted adjacent to the opposite ends of said casing, the said valves being adapted to engage the end blades of said series when the latter are directed toward said valves, and to pass by the said blades and lie adjacent to the inner surface of said casing when the said blades are directed away from s'aidvalves, said valves being further adapted to be engaged and moved outwardly by said fingers, when said series of bladesis shifted from one of its positions to the other, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a ventilator, the combination with a casing covering an opening to the space to be ventilated and a reversible deflecting-blade pivoted to that side of the casing next the opening, of a supplemental blade or valve pivoted to the opposite side in position to be caught by a change in the direction of the aircurrent and direct the full force of said aircurrent against.the first-named blade.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SAMUEL HOUSTON JACOBSON.

Titnessesz WM. M. STOCKBRIDGE, HENRY T. THOMAS.

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